Miss Brill\\\\s Fur symbol Essays - Miss Brill, Brill, Fur People

Miss Brill is a lonely, old English school teacher and spends every Sunday alone at the park watching people. She brings her fur collar she put life into by brushing it and making it new again. She makes fun of all the other older people at the park but eventually a younger couple makes fun of her. Feeling down about their remark she goes home, puts the fur away and hears a crying. The fur is symbolic to Miss Brill?s youth and confidence. The fur is cherished by Miss Brill who addresses it as ?Dear little thing? and speaks to it as if it is alive (117) this is illuminating her loneliness. The fur gives her a sense of self confidence, when stated ?She had taken it out of the box that afternoon,? it is stating that she had taken her self-confidence out of the box that afternoon, giving her a feeling of comfort and self-assurance (117). She then ?give[s] it a good brush, and rub the life into the dim little eyes (117),? in terms of this she is bringing herself alive. The fur makes her no longer see herself as lonely or dead but gives her a sense of acceptance. The fur was originally out dated and weird but when she put life into it by brushing it; it made the fur new again. The effect of using the fur as a symbol of confidence is to reveal Miss Brill?s delight and life that was brought out in the fur. Miss Brill uses the fur as part of bringing her back into her youth. Miss Brill brings the fur out of the box while the fur brings her into a state of bliss and gives her a sense of entitlement. Miss Brill feels superior to all the other old people in the park when she judges them by making remarks of how ?They were all odd, silent, nearly all old from the way they stared (118)? even though she is in close similarity to these older park goers. The only thing that?s differentiating her and others is her fur bringing her youth and confidence back. She assumes that ?they?d just come from dark little rooms or even-even cupboards (118)? because of how out dated and weird they look. Later the young girl says It?s her fu-fur which is so funny,? (120),? throwing Miss Brill out of her state of bliss into a harsh reality that she is also out dated and weird. When Mi ss Brill ?climbed the stairs, went into the little dark room-her room like a cupboard (121)? this is relating back to when she thought the other older park goers belonged there. She had no realization until now of how people perceived her and how she belonged there as well. Upon her realization her heart was shattered, crushed and her youth was brought down. While Miss Brill physically, ?put[s] the lid on? the box after laying her fur in, she is emotionally locking her confidence away. Then ?she thought she heard something crying (121),? this is not the fur crying but Miss Brill crying because her self-confidence was torn down by the young couple that was making fun of her.

Chapter 5 Essays

Chapter 5 Essays Chapter 5 Paper Chapter 5 Paper What is mechanical weathering? When physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rocks mineral composition What is frost wedging? The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion of freezing water in cracks and cervices. Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering? reactions with oxygen What is chemical weathering? The transformation of rock into one or more new compounds Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering? A rock that has been changed into one of more new compounds The atmospheric gas that forms a mild acid when dissolved in water is ________. carbon dioxide What would cause the inscription on a marble gravestone to become harder and harder to read over time? chemical weathering What climate does chemical weather favor the most? Climates with high temperatures and abundant moisture What are the major components of soil? mineral matter, organic matter, water, air A soils texture is determined by ________. Categories of clay, silt, and sand in the soil The main source of organic matter in soil is ________. plants Use figure 5-1 to determine what a soil is called if it has 20% clay, 60% silt, and 20% sand. Silty loam What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point B in Figure 5-1? 20% clay 40% silt 40% sand What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point A in Figure 5-1? 60% clay 20% silt 20% sand What are the proportions of clay, silt, and sand shown at point C in Figure 5-1? 10% clay 20% silt 70% sand A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is _________. laterite Pedalfer soils contain high amounts of _______. iron oxide and aluminum-rich clays The process responsible for moving material down-slope under the influence of gravity is called _________. mass movement What is the force behind mass movement? Gravity A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material along a flat, inclined surface is called a _______. Rockslides or slide Which of these factors affects the rate of weathering? Climate, chemical composition of the exposed rock, and surface area of the exposed rock Why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movement? The plant root bind the soil and regolith together In the process of __________, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks. frost wedging A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called _______. talus What is the most important agent of chemical weathering? water What is regolith? The layer of rock and mineral fragments that nearly everywhere covers the Earths surface The force that drives mass movement is _____. gravity What is the content in the soil type Pedocal? Abundant calcite or calcium-carbonate What is the location and content of the soil Chapter 5 Essays Chapter 5 Paper Chapter 5 Paper experience-expectant the brain expects the world will present particular, species universal experiences- patterns of light and dark, various kinds of tastes and odors, language, and the like- and develops in response to those experiences experience-dependent development occurs in response to specific experiences prefrontal area part of the cortex that is located directly behind the forehead and is important to the development of voluntary behaviors locomotion the ability to move around on ones own social referencing infants tendency to look to their caregiver for an indication of how to feel and act in unfamiliar circumstances sensorimotor intelligence part of Piagets theory that says young infants understand the world only through their own actions and perceptions; they therefore cannot think about things or people that are not immediately present, seen, heard, felt or acted upon; this changes at 18 months representational thinking at 18 months of age, infants can form mental pictures or images of the world; conceptual world now rather than sensorimotor primary circular reactions repetition of actions that are pleasurable in themselves secondary circular reactions the behavioral characteristic of the third substage of Piagets sensorimotor stage, in which babies repeat actions to produce interesting changes in their environment intentionality the ability to engage in behaviors directed toward achieving a goal object permanence the understanding that objects have substance, maintain their identity when their location is changed, and ordinarily continue to exist when out of sight (starts around 8 months) tertiary circular reactions the 5th stage of the sensorimotor period, characterized by the deliberate variation of action sequences to solve problems and explore the world representations internal, mental symbols of experience; according to Piaget, the ability to form mental symbols emerges during sensorimotor substage A-not-B-error A pattern of reacting in the object permanence task, in which infant looks for the hidden object in location A, where the infant had previously found the object, instead of location B, where the infant has just observed it being hidden violation of expectations method a test of mental representation in which the child is habituated to an event and then presented with possible and impossible variants of the events dynamic systems approach opposes Piagets theory; says that it is infants growing abilities to better coordinate all the various systems involved in both sensorimotor and conceptual intelligence required by the task at hand implicit memory recognition of what you have experienced before explicit memory recall of absent objects and events without any clear reminder Related Papers First few months of life infant attachment Chapter Outline Chapter 2 John Bowlby Hdf 211 Baby Talk Chapter 3 Summary, Ways of Seeing Using chapter 41 Ch 7 Holt Physics William Blake Poem How to cite this page Choose cite format: Chapter 5. 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Get custom paper sample written according to your requirements urgent 3h delivery guaranteed Order now Chapter 5 Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Education and literacy became more widespread during the renaissance in part due to the invention of the printing press True The term Renaissance man is used in case someone who is well educated in many areas True The music of the Renaissance changed very little from the late Middle Ages False The renaissance attitude of humanism require people to get all worldly goods and think solely about their life after death False Early Renaissance musical development was centered in Italy False Early renaissance sacred music was still frequently based on Gregorian chant True Franco Flemish composers made frequent use of imitation in their sacred works True Giovanni pierluigi da palestrina is credited with returning church music to the simplicity and purity of earlier times True The Council of Trent believe that sacred music had been corrupted by complex Polyphony True The 16th century was, to some degree at least, a period of body earthiness, irreverent humor, and celebration of sensual love True Renaissance magic world were always homophonic and strophic False English modules are distinct from Italian and growth in part due to their tendency to use fa Lala refrains True William Byrd was one of the first English composers to write in the magical genre True This singing a madrigals after dinner was a popular pastime in renaissance England True Chorales and Germany were the equivalent of the French chanson and an Italian magical False The only instrumental music written in the Renaissance was dance music False The most popular instrument of the renaissance was viol False Music for brass and read instruments was popular for outdoor dancing True This composer was one of the most influential at the Renaissance era and his name was so well known in his time the other composers put his name on their works in the hopes of selling them A. John farmer B. Josquin des prez C. Claudio Monteverdi D. Giovanni pierluigi da palestrina Josquin des prez The religious leader who broke away from the Catholic Church over disagreement with his doctor and was A. John farmer B. Martin Luther C. Claudio Monteverdi D. Giovanni Pierluigi da palestrina Martin Luther Increased respect for the individual in for independent thought prevalent during the renaissance is called A. The counter Reformation B. Protestantism C. Humanism D. The Council of Trent Humanism The tern a cappella refers to A. Music song without accompaniment B. Music that uses chant as the compositional basis C. Music with Lute accompaniment D. Music performed during the Catholic mass Music song without accompaniment The renaissance motet includes all the following features except A. Polyphony B. imitation C. A single text in Latin D. Multiple text in multiple languages Multiple text in multiple languages The reaction by the Catholic Church to spread a Protestantism was A. Humanism B. the counter Reformation C. the lied D. A move back to living solely for the glory of God The counter Reformation The Council of Trent A. Forced musicians to compose monophonic chant again B. Forbade the use of polyphony C. Abolished all text from sacred music D. Investigated every aspect of religious discipline including church music Investigated every aspect of religious discipline including church music One of the changes protestant churches made concerning music was A. Dissing in the vernacular B. To sing solely in Latin C. Too abolish all singing by the congregation D. To allow only the singing of chance To sing in the vernacular The composer credited with writing a mass that was so beautiful and simple that it supposedly convinced the Council of Trent to reconsider abolishing polyphony was A. Giovanni pierluigi da palestrina B. Josquin des Prez C. Claudio Monteverdi D. Michael praetorius Giovanni pierluigi da palestrina Italian Renaissance secular music genre it was sentimental or erotic poetry was the A. Chancon B. Chorale C. Madrigal D. Fantasia Madrigal Music was written to represent the literal meaning of the text uses a technique called A. Transcription B. Word painting C. Embellishment D. Imitation Word painting Which composer did not write madrigals A. John dowland B. Claudio Monteverdi C. Carlo Gesualdo D. Luca marenzio John dowland The simplified version of the magical That was used in England is called the A. Chanson B. Ballet C. Motet D. Lute song Ballet A type of French secular song they used accented rhythms and repetition was the A. Chanson B. Lied C. Chorale D. Fantasia Chanson Renaissance German secular song was called the A. Chorale B. Fantasia C. Ballet D. Lied Lied Arrangement of compositions for medium other than those for which they were originally written or called; when for voice accompanied by a lute was called A. Chansons B. Embellishments C. Lute songs D. Transcriptions Transcriptions Original compositions frequently written for the lute were called A. Chorales B. Transcriptions C. Fantasias D. Madrigals Fantasias Which of the following was not a popular keyboard instrument A. Piano B. Clavichord C. Harpsichord D. Organ Piano To embellish music means to A. Continually repeat the sections in the same manner B. Perform the music as a round C. Change the words of a song D. Add or change notes in the Melody Add or change notes in the Melody Flow my tears John dowland Fair phyllis John farmer Ave Maria Josquin des prez Pope Marcellus mass: kyrie Giovanni pierluigi da palestrina A broken consort was made up of A. Instruments from the same family B. Viols only C. Instruments from mixture of families D. Brass only Instruments from a mixture of families Josquin des prez Franco Flemish composer Michael praetorius Late renaissance German composer of dances Claudio Monteverdi Late Renaissance madrigal composer Giovanni pierluigi da palestrina Late renaissance Italian composer who worked at St. Peters Lied German secular song Chanson French secular song Madrigal Italian secular song

The Procrastination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Procrastination - Essay Example I pulled myself together, stopped crying, and asked my counselor what it was that I could do. She told me that this late in the school year, it was almost impossible to do anything to earn that extra credit and that I must come during the summer and do an elective of some sort. Upon hearing this, I felt a couple of things simultaneously; anger, I was angry at my counselor for giving me this news so late in the school year, I mean, I had already bought my graduation dress. Furthermore, I felt frustrated and helpless that I would be spending the summer in school while my friends traveled and visited their universities and had final parties and farewells, this thought depressed me immensely. Just as I was about to get up and leave, I remembered my second cousin who had a similar dilemma before her graduation, 3 years ago. I immediately talked it out with my counselor and we decided that I would stay after school for some History classes and teach my peers who needed help. I happily taug ht my friends Ashley and Chelsea for the next 4 weeks and redeemed my counselor’s confidence and that one stubborn credit. Right now, when I look back at that time, I realize that it has made me who I am today. It influenced me in ways I did not understand them. Today, as the owner of a successful company, I still carry that lesson with me to this day. In addition, every time I get complacent or am tempted to procrastinate some work, I remind myself that this same procrastination almost cost me my education and career.

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH Assignment

PHILOSOPHY AND TRADITIONS IN MANAGAMENT RESEARCH - Assignment Example Despite these assumptions of agent control and responsibility, human social, political, and economic aspects make business hardly imaginable. In this paper, I will critically evaluate some of the major business operations and use them in gauging whether they are free will, are there alternatives or simply not free at all. The organization’s operations include a firm’s establishments, finances, employees-boss relationship, public relations, the firm’s disciplinary, success, and moral responsibilities Before critically analyzing a firm, the firm must have started somewhere. Someone must have conceptualized the idea before making it real. Thus, the question is whether the entrepreneur or business owner started the firm out of free will or not. One definition of â€Å"free will† is that, it is means of fulfilling a certain desire through a selected line of action (OConnor, 2002). In such a scenario then, the entrepreneur’s choice to start a firm is free will when he/she accepts the notion. Thus, such endeavors also cement the idea of genuine will. Therefore, from a genuine free-will position, the entrepreneur can have done otherwise, but the â€Å"free will† aspect influences his/her decisions (Fiese, 2009). However, from the agent causal theory, one philosopher David Hume, holds that our preferences and decisions are results of other proceedings in the brain’s desires, beliefs, favorites, feelings, and so forth (OConnor, 2002). Therefore, regarding this theory it is clear that something informed the entrepreneur’s choice for the business and the decision to start a firm. For instance, the innate desires for best business outcomes such as profits, fame and riches and stability form the major determinants influencing an individual’s decisions about forming a company. Once a firm develops and manufactures products, an enormous task of

Temple of Doom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Temple of Doom - Essay Example and only growing only as much crops as necessary to feed the people, the surrounding vegetation was preserved and even maintained even when constantly growing crops (Thomas and Kelly 186). Following the collapse of the large civilizations into smaller tribes or groups as the result of people leaving and forming smaller communities, because these people were able to live and cultivate land without affecting the surrounding natural vegetation and untouched forests, it became possible for these tribes to produce food enough to feed the communities while keeping the rainforests intact. Wars or uprisings within the Amazon civilizations often happen as the result of powerful influences of persons of authority such as priests or members of royalty. What makes these people influential is because of their strong ties to the supernatural, wherein priests or religious shamans invoke the power of spirits to cast boon or bane, while members of the royal family claim to be descendants of the gods (Thomas and Kelly 35). Due to such claims cults or large groups of followers affect political or economic influence by making people believe that they are in the winning or the upright side, and making them act in accordance to the wishes of the cult leaders. This was also shown in the story of the Temple of Doom, when the Thuggee cult members were persuaded by the high priest to perform human sacrifices and use children to dig mines in finding rocks that can help them conquer the world (â€Å"Temple of Doom†). The strong influence of the divine and the belief in the superna tural helps convince cult followers to blindly follow what the leaders ask, even going to wars solely to serve their â€Å"divine leaders†. It also affects how people see their leaders, wherein those who have strong claims of supernatural or divine descent were given more special treatment over those who do not have these claims, in which those that have supernatural or divine claims can influence more people than

Teaching English to Primary School Children in Sri Lanka

Teaching English to Primary School Children in Sri Lanka INTRODUCTION United Nations who has ensured the peace and harmony in global arena has formulated International covenant on economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Article 13 in the covenant has mentioned that  [1]  . The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of everyone to education. They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and the sense of its dignity, and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. They further agree that education shall enable all persons to participate effectively in a free society, promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations and all racial, ethnic or religious groups, and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize that, with a view to achieving the full realization of this right Primary education shall be compulsory and available free to all Secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational secondary education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole period of their primary education. The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to have respect for the liberty of parents and, when applicable, legal guardians to choose for their children schools, For instance in Sri Lanka since 1950s the state has interfered for supporting the poorest to enter the chain of education while offering bursar, scholarship, and from 1980 the text books has distributed freely. In Norway, from primary to secondary education is free. These all instance depicted that, education is the one of the best channel for mobilizing the society and disclosed the grass roots for climbing the mount in economics and social. Any way in Sri Lankan context the literacy rates exist as following; Female Literacy Rate 93 % Male Literacy Rate 94 % Figure 1: Gender wise literacy rate in Sri Lanka The Structure for Education has composed in order to Primary and Secondary level. Primary Secondary Kinder Garden 4-5 Years Old Junior Secondary Grade 6-9 : 10-14 years Old Grade 1- 5 :5- 10 years Old Senior Secondary Grade 10-11 : 14- 16 years Old Collegiate Grade 12-13 : 16-18 Years Old Table 1: Primary and secondary divisions In Portuguese and Dutch period, none had purpose to teach their language. In British era, they origin the school system with teaching English. Because English had moderated as the administrative language and Britain wanted to suggest the crown friendly class through the English language. The students from rural region had backward in using of English because they didnt become skilled at English due to absent of its teaching. Thereby the opportunity afforded in government high rank job solitary for student from urban rather from rural. The central school concept has molded privileged situation while opening the education studies for rural people on certain extent. The history has transformed in today for giving prospect for studding in Sinhala, Tamil and English in order to choice and capacity of the student. Despite the fact that the national school has benefited of the selecting of medium for learning, the rural student rearward not only in studding through English medium, but the lack of ability for getting the knowledge on English as the subject. The research has focused on why the school children in primary section, towards the back in learning English. Deficient of skills and competency on English how youth are potential fill the demands in job market. CHAPTER II:  METHODOLOGY STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The cognitive qualified workers appeared in the environment of diverse language talents. Thus single language ability is a poor help for searching and linking to dynamic international scenario. Where eligible from number of degrees, not be assist climb the ladder of carrier for the reason that missing the adroitness of English. Mostly the second languages has not utilized in tongue of rural studies. It directly affects the further of their education, attitudes and the personality. The research will be analysis and identified issue on primary school children who put forward the less weight on English. It had been recognized contradictory ends as following: From primary sector, English away from using Looking for White colure jobs Why the primary school children hard to fluent in English? Usually the time table of the school has allocated least one period (time wise 45 minutes) for English. In grade 1 the student commenced English with alphabet. Step by step switch on grammar. After the grade five, do they speak in English? RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS The Hypothesis is mentioned below. Paying more emphasis to providing foundation skills to primary school children in rural areas will contribute to greater productivity in Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVES General Objective: Elevate the foundation dexterity of primary school children in rural area Spot out the predicament for channeling the fruitful English teaching system for rural primary schools. Diagnose the non educational factors impacts for sharing the foundation skills. Describe the mingling of education with contemporary demands for high ranking occupations in market and why the link between job and education has failed. Discuses on what paths can be improved the English for rural primary students. METHORD OF DATA COLLECTION The above denote hypothesis will be tested in this research utilizing simply framed methods. The data will be collected in order to source of Primary sources Primary data refers information and evidence gathered by the researcher from primary sources. Field research, interviews, discussions, observations and group discussions are the key fountains for gathering the primary data. English Education in primary school children in rural area will be examined in the location of rural areas in Kandy, Matale, Rathnapura,Monarahala districts in Sri Lanka. Secondary source Secondary data collection of information was based on documentary sources including publications, News paper articles and information were taken by surfing through the Internet. CHAPTER III:  POVERTY IN SRI LANKAN RURAL SECTOR DEFINE POVERTY In my words poverty is a complex phenomenon, which hardly defined. There are extreme poverty and relative poverty. The poverty occurs in the arena of economy and social stratus mainly. The poverty relevant to simply ideology of lack recourse and inequality of their distributions and high rank of needs, poverty in Sri Lanka is still largely rural phenomenon. Poor house hold tends to have higher dependency of ratios ion in labour force, and higher unemployment. As a developing state poverty is not new comer. It emerges won the sake of unemployment, the gap between the demand of the job in market and the supply of the qualified person for it Those who are unable to afford basic necessities will certainly be regarded as poor. Individuals who lack access to essential collective goods and services will also normally be regarded as poor. Poverty means the impoverishment for accessing least of the basic needs. There are key Determents of poverty in Sri Lanka Inadequacy growth and unequal opportunity Armed conflict Isolation and lack of economic integration Limited access to high quality education Limited access to basic social servers Slow growth in agriculture Lack of clear land tenure Environmental degradation Social exclusion and poverty lessens POVERTY IN RURAL AREA The poor population in Sri Lanka consists mainly of the following, Those living in remote isolated areas Landless works in low wage occupations Farmers cultivating low value crops Fishes and lives stock Poverty is predominately a rural phenomenon with near 90 percent of the poor residing in rural areas. Why does it spread in rural arena mainly? The argument behind it that, most of the rural areas still remain in the structure of Sri Lankan traditional feudal system whether absent of the compulsory labour and self sufficient, the rural areas are in the level of low income and inequality of the distribution and lack of knowledge. Their main revenue relies upon the cultivation and most of them are share plots cultivation. The scarcity for nutrition, health and sanitation, water and education are the common surrounds which available with rural poverty. In 1996 the provincial poverty level ranged from 37 percent of the households in Uva province and 14 percent are in western province. The high ranges of the poverty remain in the province of western. In urban as well in rural region in Colombo has the poverty in order to lack of the better income employment opportunities. poverty in Sri Lanka is predominantly a rural phenomenon. Close to 90 % of the poor are reported to live in rural areas. But estimates of rural and urban poverty should be interpreted with a great deal of caution because of the way in which urban and rural are defined. Until the late 1980s, the areas under mincipal councils, urban councils and town councils were all classified as urban areas. In the early 1990s, the area under town councils was reclassified as rural.. According to consumption poverty estimates for 1995|1996, the extent poverty in urban, rural and estate sectors is 15%, 27% and 25% respectively, using the lower poverty line, and 25%,41% and 45% respectively, using the higher poverty line. According to the lower poverty line the estate sector has fared marginally better than the rural sector, and according to the higher poverty line the reverse is the case. In terms of social indicators, such as housing facilities, access to education and health services, access to safe drinking water, safe sanitation and electricity, infant mortality rate, and malnutrition, the estate sector, may be worse off than the rural sector. Poverty in rural areas is the result of the less income and in equality of the distribution of the income way. For instance Monaragala is one of the poorest districts in Sri Lanka which depends on large amount of agriculture in come. The crops of agriculture base on the cornflakes and the vegetables chiefly. The value for the market in those crops is considerably less. Thus the poverty becomes a burning issue for the peasants in Monaragala. The urban sector has encompassed with poverty and its relate impacts as illiteracy, teenage prostitutes, and the drugs. The main shadow of the poverty in urban area is that cheap labour participation and cheap wages. the poverty is one of the outcome of the usage of illicit liquored. However poverty has inflicted comparatively more for the lives in rural areas. ITS IMPACT ON THE PRIMARY EDUCATION IN RURAL AREA Poverty is the giant feature for determining the fate and the nature of the society. In Buddhism, the load Buddha has preached that, before attain to listen to the Dharama, man should be filled their hunger. As a consequent except for removing the poverty, it is unable to prepare the mass mobilization through the education. Anyway, C.W.W.Kannagara had facilitated the opportunity to study for the rural mass. Frequently Maha Vidyala concept had made the social mobilisation. Any way most of the production of the free education is the experts in the native language. Not only in senor schools even in the primary sector there was a back word for studding of the English education in rural areas. In the primary area, the English education had the shortage value. The rooted fact is that poverty. Due to the poverty the family does not have the ability on education in English. The family background and rare possibility of reaching to English education, and inequality on distributing of the human and physical resources urge to put in down turn for the English education in rural area. Accorded to basic education in labour market, about 2000 schools most of which are in poor rural areas, lack basic facilities such as desks, chairs and black boards. There is a key short age of quality inputs, particularly teaching materials in subjects such as science, mathematics, environmental science and English. Teacher short ages, and teacher absenteeism are serious problems in poor rural communities. teachers close to 27 % of the totals carder are untrained, and it is the untrained teachers who are primarily assigned to their poor, rural schools. Theirs lack training in instructing children with special needs .  [2]   The text books or the availability of the teachers are not only enough for the improving of the English education. The existed pattern of the primary school teaching method that starts with the alphabet and try to teach the grammar. The writing of the sentences in the black board is not enough because the language hardly learn through merely recitation. It should be learn from the usage. But the rural student has the disparity on attaining the school in daily. During the harvest gathering period, is being as the unpaid helper for his home. English is not their mother tongue. It is the new comer for them. The methodology of teaching the language also contributed for shaping of the learning of the language. Vast numerical students unable to apply the English as the communication chancel at their house hold. Their parents and adults are away from the fluent in English. Thereby it is hard tasking them to learn the langue merely writing the black board. The state has followed up the strategically way for improving the education but there are doubt on those procedure, because the English teacher still not be able to fill the gap of learning and transforming to the fluently of the students from rural area. The poverty causes to confine the upgrading of the studies. For instance, the basic elements for schooling as the stationeries stiff for the taking to the students in rural area. The price of the current exercise book is more that 50 rupees and it is a grim chore for the parents who live with daily income. Poverty alters the attitudes of the people. Most of the people, who are under the poverty line, do not want to or are powerlessness to send their children for the schools at least for the primary level. On the one hand it is expenses for them and the other child can be utilised as the labour for the house hold income. CHAPTER IV:  AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES IN SCHOOLS AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES The theory behind this is chapter that relative deprivation and modernization. Both theory are not only for the seeds for creating the conflict but got the unequal distribution of the resources. The distribution of resources has affected from the infrastructure and facilities. In usually pattern the periphery is nil with flourished infrastructure. There by the skill sharpen human resources not be easy to find in the periphery. All the fulfill segment of the human resources encompassed upon the core. For instance all the time, there are inadequate teachers are in the schools which locates in micro urban cities or categorized as the national schools. For the one subject there are more teachers available. This blessing situation is not much familiar with the rural structure, in rural area there are less human resources for the teaching. For instance, in Rathnapura district, Imbulpe GN, the village known as usbim janapadaya. It has established during 1972, The school in that village consist of maximum 200 students and the staffs are 10. There is none access road. The five Kilometres from the Imbulpe junction has to travel by the foot. The road which constructed not is suitable for the vehicle. The deputy principle once states that the staff in the school had the difficult rural services. Even there in none of the electricity. Because the electricity polls complicated to take from that road. However in 2010 one of the student in primary capable enough to receive the 130 marks for the competitive scholarship exam. The deputy principle made more clear that if the school has the human resources, they can polish the students. The school has single English teacher. The human resources are not present due to failure of the development in infrastructure This situation directly involve with the education and its outcome. Thereby the gap available on the society between what expected and what received. Modernization theory links to motivation and inducement of the teachers for engaging their tasks. The modernization policy will be confined to the core and it rare to filter to the periphery. Thereby the policy put the line in better the regions of modernized and in modernized. Through the researcher observation has set up that students in Colombo seven has the every facilities as opportunity to study of the computer technology, English and they can make the difference for their appearance even. Though in rural area as above mentioned, Usbim janapadaya, the students fingers not be lucky to touch the key board of the computers. The English is one of the fairies for their lives. The renew of the syllabus, distribution of the equipment dependent on the urban rural divisions. The primary in rural areas still playing with the seeds. The way to the modern technology is long for them. Because of the availability of the resources. PHYSICAL RESOURCES Physical resources mainly contain of the material elements. the researcher prefer to classify the physical resources in two lines. Direct physical resources:- The direct physical resources mane the resources which affect directly to primary English education. They are text books, the quality of the school structure, and the opportunity for applying the audio and video visuals. Indirect physical resources:- It relevant to infrastructure as roads, accessibility for the water and sanitation with the area of school and the electricity. Text books has distributed by the government. The quality of the text books has changed now. They have composed in colour way. The pages are attracted for the eye. In fact the English text books have gone out of the conventional border of role play. The text books have included the details which relates to knowledge in other subjects. For instance the English text about the Sinharaja. It is not only way to improve the grammar but also way to improve the knowledge. The audio and video is one of the hands to make closer for the education. for example, children love to watch the cartoons and movies. They dont bother on the language. The experts in education have identified that, listing and watching capture the brain easier in the process of learning. Though in rural area, there are none of the audio and video visual rooms or the objects for the program. Urban national and popular schools, the primary students have obtained to read and watch the books and movies of the giant of the English literate, as William Shakespeare. In Sri Lankan rural primary students away from David Coffer filed Oliver Twists, Anna, and other famous stares in the childrens world. A questionnaire survey was conducted by distributing a questionnaire shown in Annex A to Primary English teachers those who are occupying at Rural ten Government schools in several rural areas in the Kandy, Matale, Rathnapura Districts and attention focused on availability of resources in the class rooms and the last years English Examinatiron results over the Grade four and five.  [3]   The quality of the structure indicates that not the two stairs building but hold the shelter which not get in rain and provide the assurance that walls not fallen down. For examples, in Kandy District, Lewalle GN Divison, Navodhaya primary school, has not even cleaned classes. Clean cites that the lack of dusty and the dirty and have the tidiness. Keeping of the class rooms in clean depends on the attitude of the teachers. Most of rural roads in Sri Lanka are badly in need to repair work. Most of them un under control of the local governmental institutions. In modern days, they have been repaired or reconstructed by the government under the program of maga naguma. As the examples the roads in Rathanpura who is the first ranking district as the highest number of non electicity in island has the problem on transport. The DS divison , Kalawane, GN divion, Waddagala, has scarcity of roads and the transports. Most of the roads are damaged. The other fact that access for the drinking water and the sanitation. Drinking water in rural areas has gained from the well, not by the pipe lines. The problem occurs during the draught time. In that period, the well get dried and it is a great difficult task to access for the water. Sanitation is one of the basic needs of the human lives. In Rural areas, there is deficient of cleaning services and the better sanitation facilities. For instance in Kandy District, Thalathoya Ds Divsion, Thalathuoya GN division, Tamil primary school, had not the sanitation facilities for the children. The above mentioned fact are the discourage features for the student to attain the school. They decide the education of the child. The primary children reminiscent of the colours mainly dark colours. The colour of the walls by those dark colours and decorate the walls by their creations in English and hold the completion, and teach the good habits in English, and let them to speak not only for the 45 minutes but also for as long as the teacher can, are the way for supporting to them in learning of the English. HUMAN RESOURCES Human resources mentions that the availability for the teachers. The teachers cannot facilities in order to the counting of the heads of the children. However, the human resource in rural area for the English education is less compare to the urban cities. The lack of infrastructure is fewer inspirers for appointing in rural areas. For instance the output from the college of education should be in rural area for certain period. But they rarely prefer to get the appointment in rural area because of the lack of facilities. In some area, even imperfection on basic human needs as neutralized food, health care and drinking water. The other point that, when reject and politicalised of appointments create the negative and aspect on the teacher. It also make the job dissatisfaction and because of it the teacher is not be able to work efficiently, effectively and creatively with the children. ENGLISH TEACHERS SHORTAGE PER PROVENCE Table 4: English teachers shortage per province Sources Pracidental Advisor Sunimal Fernando Speak English our way Observer News Paper Sunday 18 July 2010 CHAPTER IV:  UNEMPLOYMENT IN SRI LANKA DEMANDS IN JOB MARKET Sri Lanka is a liberalist state. There by the private sector, semi government and the state sector engages in the market. The decision in the market has taking while respecting the freedom of the private sector. The current trend that, implies the neo liberalist model with the combination of the private and public partnership in the market. As a result of it, number of the institutions has alter on the concept of privatization. For instance Sri Lanka telecom, the postal services, Sri jayawardhana pura hospital and the end of the conflict open more investment for the individual or the private sector in the stream of education, hotel and tourism. Nonetheless, the job market ahs based on the economic policy of the government and quality of the job seeker. The occupations are available in the sector of serve and productivity. Agriculture and readymade garments are the centralized point of the productivity. In the stripes of the services there are numbers in private and public sector. As the perspective of the researcher, if get a Sunday newspaper, there are quantity of the vacancies. Although the problem that unemployment. What is the different or space? The qualification for the most jobs not is able to qualified for the job seeker in Sri Lankan society. People have the documentary qualification but in practical they are not be more capable for doing a job. By the way there are unemployed or the people who look prolong the job for them. The matter that most of the unemployed are educated. Not merely pass the advanced level but graduated. Then why graduate exclude from the job market? SUPPLY AND FILLING OF THE DEMANDS Education gives people better understanding of themselves and the surrounding and thereby improves the quality of their lives and leads to benefits both for the individual and the society. Italsoraisespeoplescreativityandproductivityandpromotestechnological achievements d entrepreneurship, which has been demonstrated in several countries throughout the world. Even though no country has ever achieved sustained economic development without substantial investments in human capital, it is important to note that education by itself does not guarantee successful development Therefore the fruitful human capital determined by the factor of health and education mainly. Sri Lanka has the universal education system. In logically the human capital should be fertilized from the free education. Though the free educated benefited rare receive the higher pay so called good jobs. The main reason is behind that English. THE GAP DUE TO ABSENT OF ENGLISH SKILLS Unemployment has been a sensitive issue in Sri Lanka. This is mainly due to that the high levels of unemployment have predominantly been concentrated among educated youth. An even more serious aspect of the problem is that unemployment rate increases with the level of education  [4]   The above table indicates that unemployment in order to the education. According to the data below grade 5, there are less numeric comparatively to GCE Advanced level. The climbing of the education ladder allege for the good jobs, mainly in government with better payment. Though the current economic policy crates the situation for forming up the private sector rather state sector. As a result of it, the employment opportunity remains in largly in private sector not in state sector. Holding of the degree from national university is not enough for entering the soil of private sector. Because the transactions in the modern world have run through the English. The recognition for the English language is in first rank. The inability to mange with the English linguistic paradigm, cause to close the doors for getting jobs in private sectors. The universal education system in Sri Lanka helps to improve the knowledge, attitudes and personality. Thereby why fundamental requirements for the English in job market is not succulently polish in the trough of the graduates. Particularly the graduates who have the roods in rural areas, have the difficulties on handling the English? The derivation of this insufficiently that failed of the English education in primary school sector. Usual acceptance that, the language is learning during the age of 5-10 because at that period, whether making the faults not be considered. The age in primary schools are enough to learn the English but the deficit on the foundation skills reason to pulling back the students in learning of the English. In modern Sri Lanka, there are number of institutions who offer the languages courses. These institutions conduct by the state or the private sector. The duration for the course is minimum a week or maximum a year. After the duration, the followed will be received the certificate under the words of successfully participation for the course or completed the course. Though in the interview panel, the in print grammar is not merely assist to raise the word as the answers in English. The interviewee confidents be declining and it adds the negative marks. The answer for it that why it happen in Sri Lanka, because the Sri Lankan primary education does not reach its end productively. In the primary section, parents and teachers connect to the competition of pass the grade five scholarships not the fluent in English. Not as in early in modern time, there is none gab in rural or in urban schools to pass the grade 5 scholarship. All the students are in chain of the scholarship process. Thereby the valuable for the English education in primary level has reduced. CHAPTER VI:  ANALYSIS Present Sri Lankan education system has planned by the concept of universal education pattern. Therefore up the primary education least is compulsory for all and there is not the difference of the gender for accessing the education institutions. The Quality of the education has determined by one of the essential fact called poverty. The poverty is the major impact of the less developing county and it spreads in all the vain of the state. The poverty decides accessibility of the education. Even it affects to distribute of the resources. The infrastructure, health, physical resources as desks, the textbooks, sanitation and drinking water are the points indomitable the quality of the education. The scrutinized analysis has mentioned that, the poverty in rural area directly impinge on education. The main income of the rural area base on the agriculture. As the country who ahs the less organized agriculture sector with few dominated groups in distribution of agricultural production, expand the poverty. The poverty has linked to the house hold consumption and shape the opportunity for the students to attain the schools. The child- labour is one of the income for the people in rural area who ahs in poverty. There by among the stream of education or the employment, the children in rural area have chosen the employment not the education. The resources distribution and allocation also manipulates the English education inn primary sector. The physical as well as the human resource influence for the way of learning the language in rural primary schools in Sri Lanka. The distribution of the text books is not singularly hep for developing the linguistic capacity. There are extra ways to sharpen the skills on language. The rural schools do not have resources for applying those extra ways to achieving the goal of English education in Sri Lanka. English is an international language. It is the path for communication with diversity. The global village has depended on the computer. The language in computer is English. The world link wire named internet operates with English. Therefore without talent in English it is in convenient to find a better paid job in existing Sri Lankan structure CHAPTER VI:  CONCLUSION The human capital in modern world has gained the worth. The human capital has flourished form the dual task mainly, English and technological knowledge. The less of the skills in both causes to reduce the value of the human capital. As country of developing, human capital in Sri Lankan, market has the greatest posit

Unix :: essays research papers fc

â€Å"UNIX was the first operating system designed to run on ‘dissimilar’ computers by converting most hardware specific commands in machine language into an independent programming language called ‘C ’† . UNIX was the basis of AT&T’s telephone system and the government’s wide area network system. Then it became the basis of communication between engineers and scientists, and eventually the basis of communication for everyone worldwide. It has held this remarkable spot since 1969. However, in the 1990s there are competitors in the market, namely, Microsoft Corporation with its Windows NT product. But UNIX-based software suppliers are not just turning over and letting the competitors win. UNIX remains, and will remain a major player in the marketplace. The unique advantage of the UNIX operating system when it was introduced was that it could (and still does) run on dissimilar machines, unheard of prior to 1969. UNIX also can run more than one program at a time, store complex graphics and databases, and link to other UNIX and mainframe computer systems, including DOS since the late 1980s. UNIX-based systems control various programs written by many companies to distribute information between multiple computers within the network. This minimizes user costs and eliminates system-wide hardware crashes. Some of the original UNIX programs are still evident today. UNIX was developed at AT&T in 1969, primarily for controlling the phone network and handling government communications. Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Systems, other U.S. companies and international companies now sell versions of UNIX that work best on their computers. UNIX has enjoyed a long, exclusive history, but Microsoft is trying to establish Windows NT as the premier Web server and replace UNIX’s dominant position as the Internet’s operating system. Although the Internet was originally developed around UNIX, some companies who design software for the Internet are becoming reluctant to embrace UNIX for this purpose. A major reason for moving to NT instead of UNIX is that the UNIX operating system is expensive, whereas Microsoft Windows NT is affordable to everyday users. The other major advantage of Microsoft Windows NT is significantly easier to install and maintain. Also, UNIX requires additional utility software such as NetWare, which is already built in to Microsoft Windows NT. The cost of replacing that hardware is a strong consideration for most companies considering a switch to Microsoft Windows NT. Other users are not so quick to jump on the NT bandwagon.

Character sketch Essay

Michael Finley began walking to his room, very exasperated from the day’s occurrences. Michael was a diminutive adolescent with short black hair and dazzling blue eyes. Michael was wearing what he wore every single day, his decrepit blue jeans, a tangerine shirt and his bulky brown boots. Michael was a quiet and coy youth who had very few friends. Because he had very few friends , Michael became very introspective. Michael meandered aimlessly, cogitating about his fantasy. Michael fantasized about friendship, something that all people want. Michael entered his room and laid his body down on his bed remaining completely still. He started to evaluate his atrocious day. While contemplating, his immense angelic eyes became droopy, and had nearly fallen asleep. A moment passed, and suddenly the doorbell rang. Michael rose up from his bed and as he was opening the door, he heard sounds of laughter and discourse from the exterior. He opened the door and discovered an assemblage of his classmates. The classmates started walking into his house, seeming like they had been friends with Michael since childhood. His classmates sat down on his sofa and started to chat with Michael. Michael had not known what had happened but he didn’t care because his dream was coming true. Michael and his friends talked through the wee hours of the night. At that point Michael felt that he was one of them and didn’t care what happened in the past, he only cared what was happening now. Michael did something that he hadn’t in a long time; smile. In the morning, his friends departed after a night of celebration and companionship, and Michael walked to his room. He once again lay down on his bed and started to contemplate. But this time, Michael didn’t contemplate unhappily but contemplated blissfully. Michael’s dream was accomplished, but there was only one problem; it was just a dream.

Free Essays on Phyllis Tribles Interpretation Of The 2nd Story Of Genesis

Phyllis Trible’s Interpretation of Genesis 2:18-25 Biblical scholar, Phyllis Trible gives an interpretation of Genesis 2:18-25 in her seminal work, God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality. The interpretation that Trible gives in this work is one that runs counter to prevailing interpretations. Trible’s insights on the creation of women are different from the usual way the passage is read. Phyllis Trible’s unusual interpretation of the second story of creation is that when the first human being was created, it was not yet differentiated into man or woman. Trible’s interpretation of the second chapter of Genesis is so unusual because it runs counter to prevailing interpretations. Most biblical scholars accept the way in which the Hebrew text has been translated. They accept that man was created first, and then woman was created from the rib of man. Prevailing interpretations say that woman was created in order to be a fit companion for man’s total being. In Trible’s interpretation of the creation of human beings, she gives reasons to support that the first human created was neither male nor female. The first human was devoid of sex because sexuality wasn’t present until the second human was created. Apart from the reference to nostrils, no physical features are specified for the first human being. This creature is not identified sexually. Sexuality cannot be assumed after the creation of the first human being since it is not specifically differentiated until later in the chapter. Since sexuality doesn’t exist yet, the first human creation of God is not male; it is not the first man. A fit companion of the human was not found among the animals, so female and male distinction was created so that human beings could become â€Å"one flesh† together rather than being lonely and isolated. Trible’s argument that the first human being was neither male nor female stems from the way in which the passage was... Free Essays on Phyllis Trible's Interpretation Of The 2nd Story Of Genesis Free Essays on Phyllis Trible's Interpretation Of The 2nd Story Of Genesis Phyllis Trible’s Interpretation of Genesis 2:18-25 Biblical scholar, Phyllis Trible gives an interpretation of Genesis 2:18-25 in her seminal work, God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality. The interpretation that Trible gives in this work is one that runs counter to prevailing interpretations. Trible’s insights on the creation of women are different from the usual way the passage is read. Phyllis Trible’s unusual interpretation of the second story of creation is that when the first human being was created, it was not yet differentiated into man or woman. Trible’s interpretation of the second chapter of Genesis is so unusual because it runs counter to prevailing interpretations. Most biblical scholars accept the way in which the Hebrew text has been translated. They accept that man was created first, and then woman was created from the rib of man. Prevailing interpretations say that woman was created in order to be a fit companion for man’s total being. In Trible’s interpretation of the creation of human beings, she gives reasons to support that the first human created was neither male nor female. The first human was devoid of sex because sexuality wasn’t present until the second human was created. Apart from the reference to nostrils, no physical features are specified for the first human being. This creature is not identified sexually. Sexuality cannot be assumed after the creation of the first human being since it is not specifically differentiated until later in the chapter. Since sexuality doesn’t exist yet, the first human creation of God is not male; it is not the first man. A fit companion of the human was not found among the animals, so female and male distinction was created so that human beings could become â€Å"one flesh† together rather than being lonely and isolated. Trible’s argument that the first human being was neither male nor female stems from the way in which the passage was...

Free Essays on Internet Advertising

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Case Analysis on two firms operating in two differenct countries Essay

Case Analysis on two firms operating in two differenct countries - Essay Example A business environment consists of a number of factors that help a firm to grow and develop as well as subsequently witness a decline in the same; these factors may be ranging from socio-cultural and political to economical, legal, ethical as well as technological aspects. There are a number of key factors that help a firm to meet its organisational needs and most of them depend on these. All these factors coupled together help a firm either meet or fade away from reaching its goals. Thus, it is imperative for every business manager to be able to mark out the various factors within the environment and use it to the opportunity of the firm and not let it hinder the process of meeting the desired results. The political factors within a business environment consist of the kind of government that has established itself in the respective economy and the way it lets the economy operate. Adhering to government rules and regulations is vital for each and every enterprise in order to grow and develop within the economy. If the political environment is not stable enough, then the enterprise might have to face restrictions on growth and development and undergo obstacles. Thus, the government should be able to let the firm take its own decisions and thus decentralise a certain amount of power in terms of corporate significance. Ethical issues are most often talked about by people because these are on the basis of what individuals deem is moral in society. Most enterprises need to be ethical in order to be able to survive. This is because customers are the main reason because of which firms run, and if they see that firms are not being ethical in terms of demand and supply of products and materials, they will not indulge in making purchases. Business ethics thus need to be followed in terms of keeping the employees happy and satisfied as well as meeting each and every need of the customer without causing much harm or damage to the environment. Economic issues crop up due to the rise and fall of the economy that the enterprise persists within. His refers to the demand and supply of products within the economy. Since every economy depends heavily on these two main factors, firms must ensure that their customers are being supplied with the demand that they require. If not, then firms might face a downturn and have to shut down on their production scales as they will not be able to cover their costs and expenses. Finally, every management within an enterprise also has to take measures in order to understand the legal aspects of the business environment. This refers to the laws laid down as per which businesses can establish and run themselves. This forms a very important aspect of any firm within an economy because a firm may fall into trouble due to dealing with illegal activities and products. In a nutshell, the various aspects of the four factors within the business environment has been talked about within this paper with the help of two firms that are experiencing them. Two firms named Firm X (Amarchand and Mangaldas) and Firm Y (Clifford Chance) have been hypothetically created for the purpose of this paper... This paper helps to position a strong and in depth analysis of these two firms on the basis of the business environment that they are surviving within. It helps to present the political, ethical, economical as well as legal aspects that both the firms are subject to. This paper also helps to provide an

Financial Analysis for International Company Essay

Financial Analysis for International Company - Essay Example RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING FINANCIAL RISKS: 11 6.2. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING OPERATIONAL RISKS 11 6.3. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING MARKET PLACE RISKS 12 6.4. RECOMMENDATION FOR MANAGING MACRO-ECONOMIC RISKS 12 7. References 13 1. INTRODUCTION: Dixons Retail Plc is the largest electrical and computing retailer in Europe. The company offers wide range of products and services and it operates in 26 countries. The company sells the following products: Consumer electronics, Personal computers, Domestic appliances, Photographic equipment and Communication products. Principal products like Brown goods, white goods, computing products and mobile phones are sold by the company. The company is a multi-channel retailer that sells products over the internet, in stores and by phone and it also provides product support services to the customers. B2B sales and services are also carried out by the company. (Forbes.com LLC , 2011) 1.1ABOUT DIXONS RETAIL PLC: The company offers wide range of produ cts and services and it operates in 26 countries. In 13 countries, the company has approx. 1,200 stores. The company has over 38,000 employees and it holds number 1 position in the UK & Ireland, Greece, Nordics and the Czech Republic. (Dixons Retail Plc, 2011) The company operates four divisions which are as follows: 1. UK & Ireland 2. Nordics 3. Other International 4. E-commerce Important information related to these four divisions is given below in the table: (Dixons Retail Plc, 2011) UK & Ireland Nordics Other International E-commerce SALES ?3.8bn ?2.3bn ?1.2bn ?0.8bn EBIT ?71.3m ?105.6m (?21.6m) ?0.9m MARKET POSITION Number 1 Number 1 Number 1 in Greece, Number 2 in Italy and Czech Leading internet operator across Europe SHARE OF GROUP 47% 28% 15% 10% NO. OF EMPLOYEES 23,091 7,343 6,191 1,398 NO. OF STORES 642 285 308 - 1.2 TURNOVER: In 2006, Dixons Retail’s turnover was ?7,403,400,000 then in 2007 it was ?7,929,700,000 i.e. an increase of 7.108%. In 2008, the turnover wa s ?8,545,900,000 then in 2009 it was ?8,364,600,000 i.e., a decrease of 2.122%. In 2010, the company’s turnover was ?8,532,500,000 i.e. an increase of 2.007%. (WorkSMART, nd) 2. FINANCIAL POSITION: In 2007, Dixons Retail’s profit was ?114,100,000 then in 2008 it faced a loss of ?192,800,000. In 2009, the company again faced a loss of ?140,400,000 but then in 2010 Dixons Retail achieved a profit of ?112,700,000. In 2011, the company faces a loss of ?224,100,000. (WorkSMART, nd) In 2007, Dixons Retail’s revenue was ?7929.70m then in 2008 it was ?8488.00m i.e. an increase of 7.041%. In 2009, the revenue was ?8317.80m then in 2010 it was ?8532.50m i.e. an increase of 2.581%. In 2011, the company’s revenue is ?8341.80m i.e. a decrease of 2.235%. (London Stock Exchange PLC, 2011) Other important Dixons Retail’s financial indicators are given below in the table: DIXONS RETAIL FINANCIAL INDICATORS (Telegraph Media Group Limited, 2011) MAY 2011 MAY 2010 MAY 2009 MAY 2008 MAY 2007 P/E RATIO -2.18 17.42 -4.04 -4.81 89.45 ROCE -14.86 6.56 -14.74 2.4 OPERATING MARGIN -2.93 0.7 -2.67 -3.05 0.42 RETURN ON ASSETS -5.61 2.48 -4.96 -5.68 1.08 EV/BIT -4.17 9.09 -11.73 -7.70 19.43 GEARING RATIO 44.93 37.49 53.73 31.79 23.54 P/BV RATIO 0.8 1.41 1.31 1.48 2.31 P/CASHFLOW RATIO 2.89 14.16 -46.19 6.13 12.57 QUICK RATIO 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.38 0.5 TURNOVER PER SHARE 2.261 2.441 2.825 3.504 3.186 PEG (HISTORICAL GROWTH) 0.06 -0.46 0.12 0.73 -165.66 EPS GROWTH 7.00% 50.00% -90.00%